Recycle Plastic Bottles Into 3D Printer Filament

 

Plastic consumption has grown at a tremendous rate over the past two decades as plastics now play an important role in all aspects of modern lifestyle. Plastics are used in the manufacture of numerous products such as protective packaging, lightweight and safety components in cars, mobile phones, insulation materials in buildings, domestic appliances, furniture items, medical devices etc.

Figure 1: Plastic

Because plastic does not decompose biologically, the amount of plastic waste in our surroundings is steadily increasing. More than 90% of the articles found on the sea beaches contain plastic. Plastic waste is often the most objectionable kind of litter and will be visible for months in landfill sites without degrading.

  

 

 

Figure 2: Plastic.

 

Dangers of Plastic Bottled Water

Recent years have seen an increase in awareness regarding the negative impact plastic water bottles have on the environment. Unfortunately, while most people know that plastic water bottles are bad for the environment, this awareness has not resulted in a significant drop in the use of disposable water bottles. In fact, their use is still on the increase with Americans using an average of 50 billion plastic water bottles a year; and while recycling is more accessible than ever,  90% of plastic water bottles are not recycled after use, meaning that billions of plastic bottles are entering our landfills, and even our oceans, every year. In fact, so much plastic waste makes it into our oceans that it is estimated that over a million marine animals are killed by plastic waste each year, often due to accidental plastic ingestion.

However, while the environmental effects of disposable water bottles alone should be enough to make us consider purchasing a reusable water bottle and a home water filter, there are also other benefits to be gained by ditching plastic water bottles. While the environmental impact of plastic bottles gets most of the attention, there are also other reasons why you should consider switching to a reusable water bottle. Here is an overview of just a few of the other reasons to go reusable, including some lesser-known dangers of drinking bottled water.

 

process of Recycle Plastic Bottles Into 3D Printer Filament

Cutting the tape and extrusion happens in two completely separated processes on the same machine. A PET bottle is prepared by cutting off the bottom, and the open rim is pushed between a pair of bearings, where a cutter slices the bottle into one long strip, as a driven spool rolls it up. The spool of tape is then moved to the second stage of the machine, which pulls the tape through a hot end very similar to that on a 3D printer. While most conventional extruders push the plastic through a nozzle with a screw, the Pet Bot only heats up the tape to slightly above its glass transition temperature, which allows the driven spool to slowly pull it through the nozzle without breaking. A fan cools the filament just before it goes onto the spool. The same stepper motor is used for both stages of the process.

We like the simplicity of this machine compared to a conventional screw extruder, but it’s not without trade-offs. Firstly is the limitation of the filament length by the material in a single bottle. Getting longer lengths would involve fusing the tape after cutting, or the filament after extrusion, which is not as simple as it might seem. The process would likely be limited to large soda bottle with smooth exterior surfaces to allow the thickness and width of the tape to be as consistent as possible. We are curious to see the consistency of the filaments shape and diameter, and how sensitive it is to variations in the thickness and width of the tape.

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Figure 3: plastic bottle inlet

Figure 4: filament outlet.

Dimensions and Costs

When designing the most important step is to estimate the initial dimension that can be done for the design. After that the cost which is also important. Design engineers focus on performance, appearance, and reliability. All-important over cost when making design decisions. But if the idea is expensive and it high costly for the market, engineers find solutions by redesigning and find alternative designs. Figure (9) shows initial dimensions for the machine which is the width is .5 meter and the length is .5 meter. The range of the cost can change depending on the components used and materials. But it approximately between 150 KD to 250 KD.

Figure 5:Expected Final Design. 

component of Recycle Plastic Bottles Into 3D Printer Filament

 

A.    HARDWARE

Ø  AC power cable (IEC C13)

Ø  AC 08 power socket

Ø  x2 6810 ZZ or 6810 2RS bearing

Ø  x3 608 2RS or 608 ZZ bearing

Ø  E3D STANDARD Volcano hotend

Ø  Silicon sock for hotend

Ø  Volcano nozzle

Ø  Drill 1,7mm / 3,5mm / 5mm

B.    ELECTRONICS

Ø  Mean well LRS-75-12 (100-240V AC)

Ø  PID temperature controller REX-C100FK02-M*AN (100-240V AC) RELAY

C.    OUTPUT

Ø  12V 37D metal gearmotor (30RPM)

Ø  PWM motor controller 5A

Ø  40x40x10 12v fan

Ø  Type K thermocouple

Ø  3D printer heater 12V 40W

D.    SCREWS AND NUTS

Ø  All screws are DIN 912 / ISO 4762

Ø  x2 M3x60 STAINLESS STEEL!

Ø  x10 M3x5

Ø  x1 M3x8

Ø  x40 M3x10

Ø  x8 M3x16

Ø  x14 M4x16

Ø  x1 M8x40

Ø  x4 M3 normal nut DIN 934 / ISO 4032

Ø  x1 M3 nylon locking nut DIN 985 / ISO 10511

References

[1]. Recycling of PET Plastic Bottles | EcoMENA

[2]. PET bottle recycling - Wikipedia

[3]. 5 Types of Plastic are Used in 3D Printing - Thong Guan

[4]. Is There Finally a Machine That Can Turn Plastic Bottles Into 3D Printer Filament? - Hackster.io

[5]. Deceptively Simple Process Turns Bottles Into Filament | Hackaday

[6]. PET Bottle Recycling: Waste to 3D Printing Filament - YouTube [7]. PetBot: Turn PET Bottles Into Filament | Hackaday.

[8]. Significantly Increasing Recycling Efficiency with PET Bottle Labels that Float on Water | Polyplastics Global Website (polyplastics-global.com)

[9]. 3D file PETmachine, make Your own filament from plastic bottles at home!・3D print object to download・Cults (cults3d.com)

[10]. PET Bottle Blow Molding Machine, Plastic Machine, Filling Machine - FAYGO (faygounion.com)

[11]. (98) PET-Machine, make Your own 3D printer filament from plastic bottles at home (DIY!) - YouTube

 

Wireless Humanoid Bionic Arm on Robotic Vehicle

 This system has two wireless controllers mounted on gloves, one for each hand of the operator. Here system precisely replicates the finger motion of one hand of the operator onto the motion of the humanoid arm. The RF receiver is interfaced with microcontroller to control the driver IC which is responsible for controlling the movement of the arm. The transmitter circuit consists of an accelerometer sensor which is interfaced to atmega microcontroller. This transmitter circuit sends commands to the receiver circuit which indicates whether to move the robotic arm in any directions or whether to grip an object or release it. Also using the hand gestures of the other hand of the operator, motion of robotic vehicle is controlled.

Block Diagram

 

Hardware Specifications 

• At mega Microcontroller 

• Accelerometer &  Gyroyro sensor  

• RF Tx Rx 

 • Bluetooth Modul

• Finger Motion Sensor Gloven Finger Motion Sensor Glove

 •Resistors 

• Capacitors

 • Transistors

 • Cables and Connectors Cables and Connectors 

• Diodes

Software Specifications 

• Arduino Compiler 

 •  CMC Programming Language: C

ATmega328

 The Atmel 8 bit bit AVR RISC based microcontroller combines based microcontroller combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read memory with read  while write capabilities, 1write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM 22 KB SRAM 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose , 23 general purpose I/O lines  32 general purpose working  registers , three flexible timer/, three flexible timer/counter  with compare modes, internal with compare modes, internal and  external interrupts , serial programmable, serial programmable USART, a byte, a byte--oriented 2oriented 2--wire wire serial interface , SPI serial port, 6 serial port, 6 channel 10channel 10 bit convA/D converter(8(8 channels channels in  TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable packages), programmable watchdog timer watchdog timer with with internal   oscillator  , and five software selectable power saving modes. The , and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8device operates between 1.8--5.5 volts. The 5.5 volts. The device  achieves throughputs eves throughputs approaching 1approaching 1 MIPS per MHz.

Features

High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8--Bit Microcontroller Bit Microcontroller

– Advanced RISC Arch Advanced RISC Architecture itecture

– 131 Powerful Instructions 131 Powerful Instructions

– Most Single Clock Cycle Execution Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers

– Fully Static Operation Fully Static Operation

– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz

–On--chip 2chip 2--cycle Multiplicycle Multiplieerr

Flash Program Memory: 32 k bytes

EEPROM Data Memory: a Memory: 1 k bytes 

SRAM Data Memory: 2 k byte

I/O Pins: 23

Timers: Two 8--bit / One 16bit / One 16--bit 

A/D Converter: 10--bit Six Channel bit Six Channel

PWM: Six Channels

RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator

MSSP: SPI and I²C Master and Slave Support

USART: Yes

External Oscillator: up to 20MHz

 LIDAR based Self Driving Car Delivery Robot For Food & Ecommerce

ABSTRACT

This is the generation of robotics and automation, moreover COVID pandemic has increased the need of touch free interactions. So to boost ecommerce and food deliveries without the spread of infections due to human contact we here propose an autonomous delivery robot system. The robot is designed with raspberry pi board to ensure the complete robot working. The robot is controlled by a 4 wheel drive and remotely controlled via a RF remote. Also the bot has an upper section to carry packages on it that can be opened only by intended recipients. This anti theft mechanism eliminates the risk of any robot thefts and ensure human like delivery. Also the robot is equipped with a ultrasonic sensor to avoid dashing into people or objects. The control team monitor the robot direction via a remote camera to easily navigate the robot. And check for any theft attempts. The robot consists of a speaker to interact with customers and make a sound to alert them to open the door when bot arrives. Also the speaker is used to make noise if a theft attempt is made along with a siren system.

The bot is able to deliver food and packages upto 10 kg using its powerful 4 wheel DC motor drive system. The  control with long range camera allow it to deliver as well as thwart any theft attempts using the on board siren system.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Hardware Specifications

 • Raspberry Pi

 • DC motors

 • Long Range Remote Controller 

• RF Receiver • Remote Camera

 • Transmitter Receiver Antenna

 • Speaker

 • Siren 

• Li Battery 

• Wheels

• Robot Body

 • Resistors

 • Capacitors

 • Diodes 

• Transistors

 • Supporting Joints & Hinges 

• Screws and Nuts

 Voice Activated Automatic Self Folding Dining Table

Introduction

Dining tables are used only during lunch and dinner, yet they occupy large spaces in a room for the entire duration of day and night. There are some folding dining tables but manually dragging the dining tables, then unfolding and folding dining tables manually 2 times a day is a strenuous task.

Well what if the table could automatically move itself to the centre of the room and then unfold itself when you tell it to? Also automatically fold itself and move itself to the corner of the room to act as a side table on your command. Well such tables are not just a future concept now that we design an automatic dining table with the exact functioning as mentioned above.

Mechanism

The self-folding and unfolding dining table makes use of dual motor drive along with IR Sensors and dual motor folding and unfolding mechanism to achieve this operation. The system is integrated with a controller based speech recognition system to enable the open and close operation via spoken commands.

When user instructs then dining table to open the command is captured by the controller mic and processed. Now the system checks for obstacles on both sides o divide which side to open on. If the user command said open the table half, the machine will only open half table on the open side. It user command says open full then the table will move itself on the pen side and then open both the sides to serve as a full dining table.

This unfolding processes activates the motorized mechanism that uses a geared arrangement to move a connected rod to drive another support rod with a wheel arrangement to push the sides of the table into a horizontal alignment parallel to the centre table plate. This mechanism allows to open the table on both or any one side as needed.

The same mechanism is used to unfold the table and move back to the wall itself after folding so that it frees up the space. Also the unfolding happens simply on users commands, all user needs it to ask the dining table to close itself.

Components:

• DC Motors

• Raspberry Pi

• Shafts

• Gears

• Connecting Rods

• Proximity Sensors

• Hinges

• Wheels

• Castor wheels

• Resistors Capacitors

• Diodes & transistors

• PCB Board

• Motor Mounts

• Motor Drivers

• Outer Frame

• Couplings

• Switches

• Electrical & Wirings

• Mounts and Joints

• Supporting Frame

• Screws and Fittings

Applications:

1-Homes and offices

2- Lounge and Restaurants

3- Hotels, Malls and Food Joints

Advantages:

• Only occupies 1/3rd of the space when not in use

• Automatic Unfolding on button Press

• Self-Folding on a Button Press

• Can Move itself to Room Centre before Unfolding

• Obstacle Detection before Opening for Safety

• Fully Automatic operation, truly Modern automatic furniture

Disadvantages:

1- Cannot check if utensils are still on table before unfolding

2- Needs Power Supply

 

Powered exoskelrton           

Abstract

It is an pneumatic device that helps individuals who have weakness in the muscles of the hand and individuals who carry heavy things constantly by means of a supportive structure for the hand and the back contains clamps from the front to hold things and lifts heavy loads according to what is permitted in the design and moves in a circular motion With the movement of the forearm of the hand to facilitate the transfer of loads and the work of blindfolds on the back (ribs) so that the weight is focused on it and avoiding loading on the spine, and a ground holder is designed for it in the event of very heavy weights to be installed and a large part of the load is focused on the ground such as The idea of the crane and the work of bearing the limbs is done by means of a joystick that has directions and there are buttons to control the arm manually in addition to the sensors

introduction

As a result of the scientific and technical progress in which we live now, we must use it to relieve people and make them feel more comfortable and preserve their health and life more.

Therefore, robotics companies and artificial intelligence are rushing to manufacture devices that allow people to live in more comfort.

Project aims

1- Helping people with weak muscles.

2- It helps those who have muscular dystrophy in carrying out their daily tasks as a minimum.

3- It is used to transport very heavy things.

4- It can be developed and a supportive position for the foot also helps those who cannot move.

5- Enlarge the size of the body and make it carry heavier things.

Project

Links and form:

The shirt sleeve is designed with ties that allow the hand to move in a Y direction and the shoulder can rotate around the z axis.

The biceps and tarsal muscle area has a fixed part parallel to the human body and is fixed by it from the top of the hamstrings or piston that work with pneumatic that will engage you in the movement of the other part of the hand and the rotation in the upper part is done using an electric DC motor connected to a gearbox

The back consists of circular carriers that help distribute the reddened weight, and

there is more than one belt on the back, shoulder and hand, and the devices accompanying the movement of the arm are installed.

Control and actuator.

Actuators

1- Dc motors to rotation arm the motor is connect to gear box to increase torque.

2- Dc motors to rotation of gripper and open close it.

3.1-Pneumatic muscles to carry load. [compressor and pneumatic system].

3.2- pneumatic system (piston , direction valve ,compression, safety valve ,check valve)

Control ;-

1-motor drives .( stepper for gripper & servo for rotation )

2-direction control valve.

3-EMG sensor for muscles (600 pound)

4-arduino nano (100 pound)

(5- manual controller for all parts by joystick that has directions )

Finance and availability of tools :

1-control valve (2)---→2000

2- Arduino nano (4)---→500.

3-EMG (2)---→1200

4-NEMA 17 Stepper (2)-→500

5-FT5835 servo (2)--→1200

6.1-pistion (4)-→600:1000

(6.2-muscles (6)-→10000) replaced

7-compressor--→600

8- gripper (2)→500

8- pipes &links & another-→7600